Construção de um tubo de Kundt controlado por Arduino para o ensino de ondas estacionárias

Abstract

The introduction of experiments in Physics classes is an opportunity for students to develop skills and competences that are beyond those that are routinely worked on in theoretical classes, as well as to present a more attractive and effective learning alternative for students. Considering this context, this dissertation presents the construction of a kundt tube kit using the Arduino platform that aims to introduce in a practical way the concepts related to waves and acoustics, taking students to a device capable of producing standing waves, allowing the visualization of the harmonics, the calculation of the number of these harmonics and the speed of sound in the air through the sound frequency produced. A didactic sequence is also proposed for the application of the experiment in an interactive way. The experimental apparatus will serve as an instrument to stimulate students' cognitive development, based on Vygotsky's socio-interactionist learning, occurring through mediation between individuals. Technological tools are used that are increasingly being inserted in our environment, mainly within an integrative approach with STEM. The experiment was set up with a loudspeaker, a frequency generator, an Arduino microcontroller, an amplifier, a cylindrical acrylic tube, a coupler for the tube and the loudspeaker, a base for the tube, a tape measure, marbles of polystyrene, a breadboard and some jumpers. The didactic sequence was applied in a class of the 2nd year of high school at Colégio Estadual Doutor José Carvalho Baptista, Rio Real/BA. The collected data were extracted from an Investigative Questionnaire, the setup and handling of the experiment, an experimental script, a contextualized problem and a self-assessment. The results showed some indicators that the didactic sequence presented arouses a greater engagement and satisfaction of the knowledge of Physics approached in front of the traditional methods of lectures. It was verified that through interaction and socialization, students were able to actively assimilate the concepts that explain the relationship between the frequencies of the emitted sound and the presented waveform, thus leading to a learning with new and old instruments and signs, through of social mediation.