Impactos das intervenções educativas nutricionais na qualidade de vida de pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a public health problem, with 537 million people between 20-79 years old living with this disease. The complexity of the pathology, the difficulty of management, and its economic impact make it important to search for low-cost interventions. Nutritional educational interventions are actions that improve adherence to non-pharmacological treatment, being essential in order to improve clinical outcomes and reduce associated costs. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the main impacts of nutritional educational interventions on improving the quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methodology: A systematic review was carried out based on the survey of studies in the National Library of Medicine databases (PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus and Virtual Health Library (VHL), from 2017 to 2022. Results: Six studies met the inclusion criteria. A significant effect of the interventions on the participants' quality of life was observed in interventions that carried out nutritional education, individually, with support and regular checks, in those carried out with follow-up focus groups, and in those combined with physical exercise. The findings seem to indicate a relevant impact on health components in general, such as functional capacity, physical and mental health, as well as improvement in knowledge, weight loss, decrease in waist or hip circumference and in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C). Conclusion: The study showed that nutritional interventions can improve the quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, having an impact on clinical, cognitive and laboratory results, although further studies are recommended.