Análise da assimetria na velocidade média, atividade muscular e força em diferentes intensidades no treino de powerlifting paraolímpicos

Abstract

Introduction: In recent decades, several benefits of strength training related to health and performance have been recorded by science. This has contributed to the popularity and efficiency of this training modality, in addition, the universe of training, for sports preparation, maintenance, prevention and recovery of health has proven to be very inclusive, important for lasting adherence to the practice and consolidation of benefits. Among the different sports that use strength training, conventional powerlifting and Paralympic powerlifting (PP) stand out, the latter being marked by technical rigor with symmetry of movement. Objective: To analyze asymmetries in the upper limbs, considering average speed, muscular activity and isometric strength after a strength training session in the PP. Methods: Twelve male elite PP athletes (age: 27.7±5.7 years; experience: 2.1±0.9 years; body mass: 74.0±19.5kg; 1RM: 113.0±31 .3kg; 1RM/BM: 1.6±0.3). Everyone underwent two training sessions, the first for familiarization and 1RM testing and the second for collecting data on maximum isometric strength, average speed and electrical activity of the muscles on the sides of the body, at two different intensities. Results: A statistical difference was recorded in repetition “2”, in the dominant limb, between the moments before and after with a load of 45% of 1RM, in the eccentric phase and without a significant difference in average concentric speeds. With an intensity of 80% of 1RM there were statistical differences in relation to the dominant limb. However, the absolute data show greater asymmetry in the concentric phase in favor of the dominant limb. Considering the electrical activity of the muscles, There were differences in the pectoralis muscle in the non-dominant limb between moments before (110.75 ± 59.52%) and after (130.53 ± 98.48%, p < 0.001), and there was no difference in triceps activation. In the Maximum Isometric Strength (MIF), there was a difference in the non-dominant limb between before (710.36 ± 129.36) and after (620.27 ± 69.73; p < 0.030). There was a difference before in the dominant (626.89 ± 120.16; 95% CI 550.55–703.24) and non-dominant (710.36 ± 129.36; p = 0.011) limbs. There was no difference in time to MIF. Conclusion: There were asymmetries in average speed, muscular electrical activity and maximum isometric strength between the right and left limbs, when the athlete performs the movement with different intensities. Given the particular way in which each subject experiences these asymmetries, the importance of frequent assessments is highlighted in order to maintain healthy practice and high performance. However, further investigations are necessary to analyze other factors that may interfere with the symmetry of weightlifting in this modality.