Qualidade do sono em crianças de dois a seis anos com doença falciforme

Abstract

Sleep-related disorders are common during childhood with a prevalence ranging from 5% to 40%, according to various studies. Sickle cell disease (SCD) is characterized by the structural change of the hemoglobin molecule, conditioning in reduced affinity for oxygen and subsequent polymerization when deoxygenated. The occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing, whose main cause is the adenotonsillar hypertrophy (ATH) seems to be more frequent and persistent in children with SCD, which causes a negative impact since it increases the recurrence of pharyngitis and leads to sleep- disordered breathing (SDB), thus increasing the risk of polymerization of hemoglobin S and thereby vaso-occlusive crisis and other complications. The objective of the study was to evaluate the frequency of sleep disorders in children two to six years with SDC and determine the frequency of ATH this population. This is an observational transversal study consisting of 49 children with SCD. Was applied to parents or caregivers a previously validated questionnaire to assess sleep disorders, sleep disorders scale in children (SDSC). and then the children underwent oropharyngoscopy with front light and nasal video endoscopy to evaluate pharyngeal tonsil and palatine tonsils. The results showed a high frequency of disorders related to sleep (55.1%), but the frequency of HAT was similar to healthy preschool population. We conclude that the SDSC is a useful tool to assess the quality of sleep in preschool. It is necessary studies to estimate the true prevalence of HAT in children with SCD.