Políticas linguísticas e direitos linguísticos na cooficialização de línguas indígenas: uma análise das estratégias argumentativas do PL 3.074/2019

Abstract

From 2002, after the of Municipal Law no145/2002, was enacted in São Gabriel da Cachoeira/AM, an expansive political-linguistic movement began, in all regions of the Brazilian territory, in favor of co-officialization of language. The said law served as a model for several brazilian municipalities and the glotopolitical effects of the movement have reached both indigenous languages and immigrant languages. Currently, 22 languages are registered co-officialized by municipal laws, being 13 autochthonous and 9 allochthonous. Inspired by this political-linguistic perspective, bill 3.074/2019 was presented in the Chamber of Deputies in 2019, that provides for the linguistic policy of co-officialization of indigenous languages in Brazilian municipalities that have indigenous communities. This is a PL – the first to date – aimed at co-officialization at the federal level. This project, which is still progress to date, is of interest to this research, firstly, because it is the genesis of a co- officialization policy – isn’t yet a policy, but a project to be instituted – and, therefore, because it is a policy at the federal level – those that have been enacted so far are municipal and only one at the state level. In this perspective, we propose to analyze the argumentative strategies in the process of co-officialization of indigenous languages in Brazilian municipalities from PL 3.074/2019, seeking to identify which argumentative strategies are developed in the linguistic materiality of the PL and for what purpose these strategies were put in the legislative proposal. Given the multidisciplinary character of the field of study of Linguistic Policies, that dialogues with Linguistics and Politics, Sociology and Sociolinguistics, and especially with Linguistic Law, we resorted to various bibliographical sources, in order to support our study with the different concepts relevant to the topic, as well as the opportunity to achieve the objectives set. Thus, our reflections on language policies are anchored in Calvet (2007), Spolsky (2016), Johnson and Ricento, (2013), Ribeiro da Silva (2013), Severo (2013), Silva and Severo, (2019); the specific discussions about the co- officialization policy are corroborated by Morello (2015), Oliveira (2015) and Abreu (2016, 2018, 2020, 2022). The latter, in addition to reflecting on co-officialization, is our main source on the field of Linguistic Law together with Sigales-Gonçalves (2018; 2020). At the heart of our work, argumentative strategies are based mainly on Perelman and Olbrechts- Tyteca (2014), but we also find support in Reboul (2004) and Mateus (2018). In addition to this bibliographical study, the research is conducted under an interpretative approach method of qualitative nature from information derived from public documents in the National Congress. Therefore, the research corpus consists of linguistic materiality around the bill, namely, the text of the law itself and its justification, as well as the opinions of the three commissions that have analyzed the bill to date. Finally, we believe that the research makes contributions both to political-linguistic activism that focuses on promoting social justice, and also to the field of study of Linguistic Policies and Rights, which still lacks studies that support and guide management linguistics.