Avaliação dos sintomas gastrointestinais precoces em pacientes submetidos à colecistectomia

Abstract

Rational: Cholecystectomy has become an everyday procedure within the General Surgery services. In the postoperative period, a common entity is the Post- cholecystectomy Syndrome, characterized by the maintenance or appearance of symptoms. The most common complaint is chronic diarrhea, of multifactorial origin. The dyspeptic symptoms are also part of the picture and have a low rate of postoperative relief. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of changes in intestinal habit and dyspeptic symptoms in patients undergoing cholecystectomy. Methods: Observational, longitudinal and prospective study, performed through the application of a questionnaire in patients hospitalized at the University Hospital of the Federal University of Sergipe with cholecystectomy scheduled between November 2017 and April 2018. The application occurred in the preoperative and after thirty and ninety days of surgery. Statistical analysis was performed by categorizing the data from measures of central tendency and variance. The differences between groups were analyzed using the chi-square test. The p-value considered statistically significant was <0.05. Results: The frequency of bowel movements was not significantly altered. At follow-up, 25% reported pasty bleeding preoperatively, 33.9% and 42.9%, after thirty and ninety days respectively. There was a significant reduction in the use of laxatives (p = 0,006) and constipants (p = 0.03). The presence of dyspeptic symptoms remained high, appearing in 91.1% in the preoperative period and in 58.9% of patients after ninety days of surgery. However, the frequency of the symptoms was proportionally lower, and only 3.6% of the patients had to go to the emergency room due to postoperative dyspeptic complaints. Conclusion: patients submitted to cholecystectomy have, in a follow-up of ninety days, a tendency to change the appearance of the faeces, without changing the rhythm. These also tend to maintain dyspeptic complaints, but with less frequency and intensity.