Desafios e oportunidades da gestão de resíduos sólidos recicláveis na perspectiva da economia circular

Abstract

Since its inception, which occurred in England in 1989 through an article signed by David Pearce and Kerry Turner, British economists and environmentalists, the theme of the circular economy (CE) is the result of discussions, since it is an alternative to combat the increase in solid waste generation and pollution, and relies on the adoption of principles such as the 3R's, considered necessary for the life of the planet, due to global challenges such as climate change, loss of biodiversity and scarcity of resources. However, debates about its implementation are recent, particularly in Brazil. Therefore, the present work aims to understand the opportunities and challenges for the implementation of solid waste management in the light of the principles of the circular economy, through a review of literature and legislation in the national and international context. This is an integrative literature review with a descriptive character, which aims to expose and discuss studies also from the literature, enabling improvements and slopes in the implementation of solid waste management, aimed at the circular economy. It is responsible for providing new insights into a reality already known and that has stood out over the years. The study also presents a qualitative approach, which is expressed by the development of concepts based on facts, ideas or opinions and the elaboration of an agenda of proposition and research related to the theme. One of the results of this review points out that the CE at the national level still goes through difficulties in implementation, because it needs adjustments in management, both in legislation, its compliance, its goals and penalties, as well as the benefits that a correct and adequate management can cause in the world. In the international context, despite having some points to be observed and solved, with regard to gaps in literature, legislation and governance, it becomes a reference due to greater investments in the Circular Economy model, which aims at innovation and sustainability, being a source of guarantee for success through effective measures and actions. It is concluded that through the study it was possible to elaborate a proposal of agenda and research agenda, which is composed of eight axes of sustainability, namely: education, gain of scale, investment, collaboration and engagement of stalkerholders, communication, incentive to public policies, results and renewable, and by five axes of sustainability: advanced technologies, artificial intelligence, systems modeling and simulation, reverse logistics for consumer products and improved life cycle analysis, in order to fill gaps focused on socio-environmental, economic and public health issues.