Implantação do banco ativo de germoplasma de Gliricidia sepium e aplicação de descritores morfológicos e moleculares

Abstract

Gliricídia (G. sepium sepium) is a tropical legume widely used in sustainable agriculture due to its ability to fix nitrogen, improve soil fertility, and restore degraded areas. Its multiple applications include green manure, forage, crop shading, and use as a living fence in agroecological and agroforestry systems. Thus, the aim of this study was to survey various scientific studies to identify the different uses of G. sepium worldwide. Additionally, the study sought to evaluate the molecular and phenotypic characteristics of this plant. Through a systematic review, it was observed that the species stands out for its high production of biomass, resistance to drought periods, and ability to enrich the soil, making it a viable alternative to reduce the use of chemical inputs and promote agricultural sustainability. Moreover, it has shown important results in the healthcare, such as treating skin itching and combating the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Genetic studies using nine ISSR molecular markers enabled the evaluation of the genetic diversity of G. sepium in Brazil. This species exhibited low genetic diversity among its individuals, which may have resulted from its predominant propagation by cuttings, potentially limiting genetic variability. These studies helpidentify genotypes with desirable traits, such as greater resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and support breeding programs aimed at developing cultivars better adapted to different climatic conditions and agricultural systems. The phenotypic study also revealed low genetic diversity among accessions, highlighting the significant role of propagation methods in a species’ genetic diversity. Therefore, G. sepium is a plant with great potential, making it an important species for agriculture, in which genetic studies to enhance its potential are of great significance.