Análise da estrutura e da intensidade tecnológica da indústria sergipana no século XXI

Abstract

This research sought to analyze the structure and degree of technological intensity of Sergipe's industry throughout the 21st century according to the understanding of the concepts of economic development associated with federal and regional industrial development policies. In this way, a theoretical review was carried out through a bibliographical search of the approaches to development theories considered most relevant to the history of economic thought. To carry out the study, the historicalstructuralist method was adopted, as it aims to analyze how the studied variables are inserted in the process of structural change in Sergipe's industry throughout the 21st century, as well as the understanding of how the industrial formation of Brazil and, consequently, of Sergipe interacted over time to influence the current reality. Regarding the methodological approach, this study used the qualitative and quantitative approach, in that it brought together methods characteristic of the qualitative approach, as it has an explanatory nature, when investigating events that cause structural change, and the quantitative approach, on the side of the descriptive nature, to discover and classify the relationship between the study's component variables and the structural change in Sergipe's industry. Therefore, to solidify what we identified in the economic situation, we used the data available from the Annual Industrial Survey – PIA – from IBGE. Thus, it was found that Sergipe's industrial structure in the first two decades of the 21st century underwent a significant change in the participation of the extractive industry, which dramatically lost its share in the Gross Additional Value of GDP of Sergipe's industry. Furthermore, Sergipe's industrial base is concentrated in almost 80% in the low-medium technological intensity range with significant participation from the oil and natural gas extraction and food product manufacturing sectors. Thus, as will be seen, there is an early deindustrialization in an industrial economy that was formed late, in addition to structural rigidity with significant changes in its productive diversification. Furthermore, it points out that the main industrial policy instrument in Sergipe – the PSDI – has a low capacity to promote structural transformation, using incentives merely to maintain industries on Sergipe soil.