Efeitos da prática do Yoga no manejo de pacientes com Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica: Uma Revisão Sistemática

Abstract

Introduction: Yoga is an ancient practice that is more than 5 thousand years old and aims to unite the body, mind and spirit, enabling people to connect with their true essence. It originated in India, which has become increasingly widespread in the Western world. It combines postural practices with breathing and meditation techniques, making it a popular approach to improving individuals' health. Evidence highlights the positive effects of yoga for people with systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), which is one of the most prevalent health problems in the world population with serious consequences and that the practice of Yoga can reduce blood pressure levels in hypertensive people, in addition to reducing the frequency of unfavorable cardiovascular stages. Objective: I systematically evaluated the effects of yoga in the management of patients with SAH using data from clinical trials. Methods: Systematic literature review that was carried out in the PUBMED, SCIELO and SCIENCEDIRECT databases using search terms such as “hypertension”, “blood pressure”, “clinical trial”, “randomized clinical trial”, “yoga”. Boolean operators such as “AND” and “OR” were used to refine the searches in each database. Studies that compared yoga with any other intervention or with no intervention were included, as well as studies comparing yoga as a complement to other therapies (drug or not), versus these other therapies alone. Observational studies, reviews and articles with incomplete data were excluded. Results: Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. Significant effects of interventions on participants' blood pressure control were reviewed, interventions showed that practicing Yoga also improved adherence to conventional treatment and reduced blood pressure levels, planned studies were carried out with focus groups of patients with stage 1 and pre -hypertensives who started practicing Yoga combined or not with physical exercise. The findings apparently indicate a relevant impact on blood pressure components, as well as improved knowledge about the health-disease process, weight loss, reduction in waist or hip size and lipid levels. Conclusion: The study showed that the practice of Yoga can reduce blood pressure levels in patients with stage 1 hypertension and pre-hypertensive patients, having an impact on results in the control of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and in the control of laboratory parameters.