Acinetobacter baumannii multirresistente : avanços e desafios da última década

Abstract

Acinetobacter baumannii is a highly prevalent nosocomial pathogen, especially in intensive care units (ICUs). Its antimicrobial resistance is a constant concern in these settings, requiring attention and effective strategies for control and treatment. In 2017, given the challenges that this microorganism poses to healthcare professionals, the World Health Organization classified it as a critical priority pathogen due to its resistance to carbapenems. A. baumannii has shown itself to be increasingly persistent and prone to proliferation in hospital environments, in addition to also being present in environmental samples, such as soil and water, and in food. Several antibiotic resistance mechanisms have been associated with this pathogen, including the production of β-lactamases, efflux pumps, and the formation of biofilms, which compromise the efficacy of antibiotics. In addition, the abusive use and overprescription of antibiotics, such as carbapenems, have significantly contributed to the selection of resistant strains. A. baumannii represents a serious public health problem due to its resistance profile to multiple antibiotics, which makes the treatment of infections caused by this bacterium more difficult. The objective of this work is to demonstrate antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii and its implications for public health, through a comprehensive literature review of the last ten years. This work will address the challenges of treating infections caused by this bacterium, in addition to its increasing dissemination in hospital and community settings. The resistance genes identified and the main strategies for controlling this pathogen will also be discussed, including surveillance measures, rational use of antimicrobials and the development of new therapeutic approaches.