Risco para o desenvolvimento de transtornos mentais comuns e síndrome de Burnout em profissionais de enfermagem de um hospital universitário: um estudo transversal

Abstract

Introduction: Nursing professionals are exposed to occupational stressors that make them susceptible to developing common mental disorders and burnout syndrome. These conditions compromise their quality of life, care safety, and institutional productivity. Objective: To identify the risk of developing common mental disorders and burnout syndrome rates among nursing professionals at the University Hospital of Sergipe. Method: This is a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach that followed the recommendations of Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE). A sample of 307 nursing professionals participated in this study. The following data collection instruments were used: the Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20) to identify the risk of Common Mental Disorders (CMDs), the Questionnaire for the Assessment of Workplace Burnout Syndrome (CESQT) to identify the risk of developing Burnout Syndrome, and sociodemographic questionnaires on health and occupational conditions. The data obtained were tabulated in Excel® software. The R software program, version 4.4.1, was used for statistical analysis. The chi-squared or Fisher's exact test was used to associate the SRQ-20 and CESQT responses with qualitative variables. Variables with a p-value <10 in the bivariate analysis were used in the construction of multiple regression. Results: A prevalence of 32.57% of CMDs and 49.67% of medium levels of Burnout Syndrome were detected. Professionals aged 18 to 40 years had a 3.85 times greater chance (95% CI=1.43–11.86; p=0.011), and females had a 2.3 times greater chance (95% CI=1.04–5.61) of mental distress. Professionals who provide psychological monitoring and psychiatric treatment had a significant association with mental distress 2.14 times (95% CI=1.01–4.50; p=0.044) and 2.95 times (95% CI=1.42–6.21; p=0.004), respectively. Those aged between 18 and 40 years were 3.65 (95% CI = 1.19–11.24; p = 0.024) times more likely to have critical/high levels of psychological distress, and those aged between 41 and 50 years had an increased risk (RRR = 3.46; 95% CI = 1.22–9.83; p = 0.020) in this classification. Having children was a protective factor against critical/high levels of psychological distress, with a significant reduction in chance (RRR = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.21–0.99; p = 0.046), as well as for “Guilt” at medium levels (RRR = 0.43; 95% CI = 0.21–0.90; p = 0.026). Working in the Surgical Center was associated with a higher risk for critical/high levels of “Indolence” (RRR=4.46; 95% CI=1.28–15.60; p=0.019) and “Guilt” at a medium level (RRR=3.91; 95% CI=1.46–10.5; p=0.007). Working in the ICU was associated with a higher risk for “Indolence” at a medium level (RRR=4.06; 95% CI=1.69–9.79; p=0.002) and “Guilt” at a medium level (RRR=4.06; 95% CI=1.69–9.79; p=0.002). Married professionals or those in a stable union had a higher risk of medium levels of "Indolence" (RRR=3.29; 95% CI=1.26–8.62; p=0.015). Conclusion: Being a woman aged 18 to 40 years, married, and working in the ICU and Surgical Center were associated with the risk of developing Common Mental Disorders and Burnout Syndrome. The results highlight the need for institutional strategies to promote the mental health of Nursing professionals.