Prática de exercício físico e Fibromialgia: Uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

Introduction: Fibromyalgia is a chronic disorder of widespread musculoskeletal pain that reduces the quality of life of patients. Its treatment seeks to alleviate the main symptoms, including pain. Non-pharmacological therapy should be the first line of treatment and the practice of gradual physical exercise is a component of this therapeutic approach. Considering the potential benefit that physical exercise can have on the clinical course of symptoms of a patient with Fibromyalgia and seeking to understand whether there is superiority between the benefits provided by different types of exercise, a synthesis of the available evidence regarding this probable relationship is necessary. Objective: To investigate which physical exercise has the greatest influence on the clinical course of Fibromyalgia. Methodology: A systematic review of the scientific literature was carried out using the PICO strategy and the recommendations of the PRISMA protocol. Searches were performed in the PubMed, Lilacs, Embase and Web of Science databases, using a pre-specified search strategy. Two researchers selected the articles and applied the inclusion and exclusion criteria, blindly. This was followed by an analysis of the scientific quality of the studies and confirmation of their eligibility according to the review proposal. The selected articles were grouped in the Rayyan application. The quality of the evidence was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and the RoB 2.0 tool. Results: Of the 2930 articles found, 2453 were excluded, leaving 477 that were exported and compiled on the Rayyan website. The platform identified 145 duplicates, leading to the exclusion of 96. The remaining articles were read blindly for titles, abstracts and keywords. 353 articles were excluded and 28 were used for processing in the next stage. Of the 26 remaining articles, 13 were excluded after being read in full. Of the 13 selected, two could be assessed by the NOS scale and were of good quality. The other eleven were assessed by the RoB 2.0 tool and classified as having a moderate risk of bias. This finding made it impossible to perform a meta-analysis of this review. Conclusion: The findings of this review suggest that aerobic exercises combined with other activities may be a promising approach for the management of Fibromyalgia, proving to be an effective intervention in the management of the syndrome, contributing to the reduction of pain.