Internações hospitalares no Sistema Único de Saúde por doenças da Vesícula Biliar em Sergipe, Brasil, entre 2014 e 2023

Abstract

Biliary tract diseases are a group of highly prevalent diseases worldwide. As far as could be verified, there is a lack of studies evaluating hospitalization conditions for acute cholecystitis and cholelithiasis in Sergipe. Therefore, this study aimed to assess hospitalizations due to acute cholecystitis or cholelithiasis in the state of Sergipe from 2014 to 2023, considering data from the Unified Health System (SUS). An ecological analysis was conducted using data from the Hospital Information System (SIH/SUS), covering a ten-year period with consolidated annual data. Hospitalizations were measured through Hospitalization Authorization Forms (AIHs) related to cholecystitis or cholelithiasis. The main variables were annual incidence per 100,000 residents and the hospital mortality rate (HMR). Between 2014 and 2023, 21,650 hospitalizations for acute cholecystitis or cholelithiasis were recorded in SUS in Sergipe. The incidence for the period was estimated at 1,511 hospitalizations per 100,000 female residents and 342 per 100,000 male residents. The hospital mortality rate over the ten years was 0.95%, with a more significant mortality in males (1.98%) compared to females (0.73%). The analysis of the temporal trend revealed stable incidence over the years, with a transient increase in hospitalizations in 2023 after a significant decline in 2020 and 2021, possibly related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The comparison of hospitalizations and mortality rates by age groups showed higher occurrence among patients aged 20 to 59 years, with a significant increase in hospitalizations among females. The mortality rate was also higher in patients aged 60 or older (3.74%). Additionally, the data indicated that most hospitalizations occurred in Aracaju, which may be explained by the higher complexity of care in areas with greater demand. The analysis also revealed the high financial burden associated with treating these conditions, with an average cost of 883.68 R$ per hospitalization. These results highlight the relevance of biliary diseases in Sergipe's public health system, particularly in the context of the pandemic and the reorganization of health services.