Análise de série histórica de condições de vigilância em saúde bucal na atenção primária à saúde no Brasil de 2018 a 2023

Abstract

Introduction: This study addresses Public Health in Brazil, highlighting the Unified Health System (SUS) as an integrator of oral health care. It emphasizes the role of the Health Information System for Primary Care (SISAB), which collects data to monitor population health. Based on these data, it is possible to analyze the incidence of oral conditions observed during the first dental consultation in SUS. Objectives: To monitor oral health surveillance aspects over the past six years in Brazil and its macro-regions, correlating them with the pre-pandemic, pandemic, and post-pandemic periods using SISAB data. Methodology: This is a retrospective ecological longitudinal study with data obtained from January 2018 to December 2023. The following oral health surveillance conditions were evaluated: dentoalveolar abscess, toothache, dentoalveolar trauma, cleft lip and palate, fluorosis, and soft tissue alterations.Results: The most frequently recorded condition was toothache, followed by soft tissue alterations and dentoalveolar abscess. Among the country's macro-regions, the Northeast showed the highest average records for all six oral health surveillance conditions (p < 0.05). Over time, the pandemic period showed significantly lower mean records for dentoalveolar abscess, toothache, cleft lip and palate, and dentoalveolar trauma (p < 0.05). Only fluorosis and soft tissue alterations had significantly higher records in the post-pandemic period compared to the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The monitoring of notifications highlights inequalities in access to oral health care, with a higher number of reported oral health conditions in the Northeast of Brazil. Consequences of untreated caries and periodontal disease, toothache, and dentoalveolar abscess are the most frequently recorded conditions in the country.