O uso de smartphones causam efeitos genotóxicos e citotóxicos no epitélio oral? Uma revisão sistemática com meta-análise

Abstract

The use of the mobile device is based on radiofrequency waves, an electromagnetic wave type. It is a technology that uses transmitter and receiver radios, operating in the range of microwaves, and therefore, ends up being a transmitter and receiver of non-ionizing energy. This type of radiation is part of the electromagnetic spectrum, whose energy is not able to break atomic bonds, even at high intensities and its mechanisms of interaction of electromagnetic fields end up causing effects in biological systems and can be grouped into two types: thermal and non-thermal effects and could cause damage depending on the usage time. To verify if cellular damage occurs, the micronucleus test was developed, aiming to identify an increase in the frequency of mutations in cells that are exposed to a varied range of agents. This research aimed to answer the following scientific question: "The non-ionizing radiations emitted by the telephone sets could cause genotoxic and / or cytotoxic effects in the cells present in the oral mucosa, from microscopic observation by the micronucleus test?”.In the present study three stages were followed: defining the objective, tracing the search method (PICO), performing and identifying literature, selecting articles, extracting data. In the search for evidence, the databases consulted were: MEDLINE, PubMed (AllDatabases, Mesh), Sccopus, LILACS, Google academic, PROSPERO and COCHRANE using the following Boolean operators: Persons, Smartphone, Mutagenicity Tests and Mouth, based on MESH terms. With the research strategy used were found 396 articles, following the eligibility criteria, 323 abstracts were analyzed, 312 abstracts excluded from the study, 6 full texts and 6 studies included in the work, according to the table of scientific evidence are grade 5 evidence. We conclude that the studies evaluated presented a low degree of evidence and in this systematic review revealed that there is no occurrence of genotoxic effects, however there is a suggestion of the occurrence of cytotoxic effects caused by exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields emitted by mobile phones, which should be considered with parsimony due to poor evidence.