Determinações histórico-estruturais na conformação da população em situação de rua no Brasil: análise de sua composição de classe, raça e sexo/gênero no período entre 2016 e 2022

Abstract

The study analyzed “the historical-structural determinations of class, race, and sex/gender in the formation of the Brazilian homeless population between 2016 and 2022”. Considering the need to understand the reality of the phenomenon in its essence and totality, especially because it is understood that the object is in constant movement, the method used was dialectical historical materialism. In order to find answers, we set the following general objective: to understand the determinations of class, race, and sex/gender of homeless people in Brazil between 2016 and 2022; and, as for the specific objectives, we intend to: analyze the homeless population as part of the Brazilian working class and its particular attention to racial and sex/gender determinations; understand the connections between the formation of the working class in contemporary Brazil and the existence of the homeless population in the national particularity; and analyze the historical-structural implications of the ethnicracial and sex/gender formation of the homeless population in the country. We used documentary research, since this type of investigation uses materials that prove reality and have not yet received analytical treatment. In addition, to analyze the documents and answer the guiding questions, we used several bibliographical references based on the Marxist perspective. The methodological approach was based on a qualitative and quantitative analysis. To develop the objectives, we carried out the survey and analysis of primary data sources, through the database of the Consultation, Selection and Extraction of Information from the Single Registry of the Federal Government (CECAD 2.0 — CadÚnico). We also used the database of the Brazilian Observatory of Public Policies for the Homeless Population; and the database of the Ministry of Human Rights, through access to the National Observatory of Human Rights, organized on the ObservaDH platform. Regarding the main documentary sources, we used the report of the National Census on the Homeless Population; the National Policy on the Inclusion of the Homeless Population in Brazil; estimates from the Institute of Applied Economic Research (IPEA); and, National Policy for Decent Work and Citizenship for the Homeless Population. The analyses presented, in their results, the close relationship between the formation of the Brazilian working class and the historical-structural determinations that condition the black population, descendants of former slaves, to the fractions excluded from the formal labor market; in this dynamic, the black population becomes exponentially inserted into the relative overpopulation, as an inherent part of the capitalist development circuit; in addition, blacks were expropriated from the centrality of the urban space and limited to marginalized places, making up the majority of the homeless population in Brazil.