Políticas públicas habitacionais e transformações urbanas: um estudo do bairro 17 de março, em Aracaju/SE

Abstract

Public housing policies in Brazil have played a key role in addressing one of the most complex challenges facing contemporary society: housing. With rapid and increasing urbanization, cities face numerous obstacles related to access to housing, infrastructure, and the socio-spatial inclusion of marginalized populations. Given these circumstances, this research aims to analyze public housing policies in Brazil, focusing on the city of Aracaju, Sergipe, seeking to understand the impacts of housing programs on the configuration of cities and the lives of beneficiaries. To achieve this general objective, the study was divided into three articles, each with a specific objective. The first article aims to identify the positive and negative impacts resulting from the evolution of urban public housing policies in Brazil. The second analyzes the effects of housing policies on the quality of life and social inclusion of the marginalized population in the 17 de Março neighborhood, in Aracaju, Sergipe. In the third and final article, the objective is to evaluate—using analytical cartography—the spatial development of the 17 de Março neighborhood and the implications regarding the limitations and possibilities of implementing the Reurb-S and Pró-Moradia programs. The research discusses—through the lens of challenges and opportunities—the evolution of housing policies, with an emphasis on Social Housing (HIS) and housing programs such as Minha Casa, Minha Vida (PMCMV), Pró-Moradia, and Reurb-S, aligning with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11, which proposes more inclusive and sustainable cities. The methodological approach included a literature review, documentary research on legislation, programs, and regulations related to HIS programs, the collection and analysis of secondary socio-spatial data, as well as field research in the 17 de Março neighborhood, involving direct observation and the administration of questionnaires. Also noteworthy is the use of analytical cartography as a central tool for the temporal interpretation of the territory, through the creation and interpretation of cartographic figures, images, and spatial records that allowed for an understanding of urban evolution and its contradictions. The results highlight the disconnect between housing policies and the traditional practices of the local community, the presence of territorial conflicts, processes of spatial reorganization, and dynamics of spatial appropriation that directly impact residents’ lives. In general, it is concluded that, although housing programs expand access to housing, their fragmented implementation tends to reproduce patterns of socio-spatial segregation, reinforcing the need to formulate guidelines that more effectively integrate public policies, urban planning, cartography as a tool for territorial analysis, and social architecture.