Análise epidemiológica de pacientes internados por infecção do SARS-CoV-2 no estado de Sergipe

Abstract

Introduction: The SARS-CoV-2 virus was identified as the causal agent of the disease known as COVID-19. About the COVID-19 pandemic, epidemiological studies were essential to characterize the evolution of the disease, risk factors and prevention measures. Objective: To analyze the epidemiological profile of patients hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection in the state of Sergipe. Method: The studied population was composed of individuals over 18 years of age who were admitted to the Hospital Cirurgia (HC) in Aracaju and the Hospital Universitário de Lagarto (HUL) from March 2020 to December 2021. Data were collected from medical record that allowed obtaining sociodemographic information and information regarding their hospital admission, the interventions that were carried out, the length of stay, sequelae and outcome. To this end, an online form was used and subsequent tabulation in an Excel spreadsheet. The research was carried out from October 2022 to April 2023. Results: the research included data obtained from 1087 medical records, 614 of which were at HUL and 473 at HC. It was observed that patients hospitalized at HUL had a mean age of 60.8, while patients hospitalized at HC had a mean age of 59.0. The majority were male, 646 (59.4%). Regarding race, 548 (78.8%) declared themselves as brown, it was also observed that 730 (94.60%) declared non-smokers, only 181 (17.8%) had a fever upon admission. The most common diseases were Systemic Arterial Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus. 730 (96.9%) used oxygen therapy, of which 324 (37.7%) used Invasive Mechanical Ventilation, 490 (45.4%) used a feeding tube. The time for symptoms to appear corresponded to 11.4 days in patients hospitalized in Aracaju, different from the profile of patients hospitalized in Lagarto which had an average of 6.8 days, the main sequelae found were respiratory (60.53%), motor (51.14%) and swallowing (10.67%). Regarding the use of medications, the most used were: intravenous antibiotics 922 (90.3%), corticosteroids 811 (79.4%) and azithromycin 289 (20.3%). Discussion: it was observed that there were differences in some characteristics such as the duration of symptoms, percentage of lung involvement on x-ray and length of stay. It was observed that patients hospitalized in Lagarto stayed hospitalized longer, had a greater degree of pulmonary involvement with a shorter duration of symptoms, and were older patients than patients admitted to the HC in Aracaju. Conclusion: The profile of patients hospitalized in the state of Sergipe showed a prevalence of males, the majority being elderly and with comorbidities, in which it was observed that the most present were SAH and DM, it was observed that patients affected by Most of them were not current smokers, and the main sequelae found were: respiratory, motor and swallowing.