Relação entre prematuridade e doença periodontal materna e o papel das interleucinas (IL1 e IL6) como marcador bioquímico

Abstract

Prematurity has been considered a public health major problem, presenting multifatorial ethiology. In the last decades, several attempts have been made to develop preditive strategies that may reduce its deletery effects. Among the several ethiologic factors related to the premature birth, the Periodontal Disease has been currently indicated as a factor of independent risk. This research, a type of casecontrol tangled up in a coorte study, aims to evaluate the possible correlation between the periodontal disease in puerpery and prematurity. The sample inclueded 370 women right after delivery, divided in group-case, with a gestational age inferior to 37 weeks (PT: pre-term), and control-group, with a gestational age of 37 weeks or more (FT: full-term). Individual and socioeconomic data was studied through two questionnaires (the first one with general and the second one with oral information) and an oral test plan. The periodontal test used was the periodontal mapping (AAP) and the parameter was the level of clinical insertion. Blood samples for IL1 and IL6 interleucine were collected, aiming to identify differences between the groups and expecting to use them as biochemical markers in premature birth. Eighty nine per cent of the patients had a certain level of periodontal disease, and just 10,3% out of the total samples have presented good periodontal health. A multiple logistic Regression Test shown that periodontitis is a risk factor for prematurity. The chances of a woman with periodontitis giving premature birth is over twice (RC =2,10; IC 95%: 1,15-3,80), im comparison with out women with no periodontal disease or with clinical of attachment level of the disease. In this study, the IL1 and IL6 interleucines dosed from the maternal blood have not shown any association with the periodontal disease or the premature birth.