Tecnologias para mitigação dos efeitos da seca na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Caculuvar em Angola

Abstract

Arid and semi-arid regions of Angola located in the provinces of Cunene Namibe and Huila present reports of occurrence of limited rainfall since 2008 to present day, which has caused some consequences such as hunger, thirst, as the UN reports, UN and the United Nations Children's Fund UNICEF have shown. The objective of this study is to analyze the potential and socio-environmental and hydrological vulnerability of the Caculuvar River basin in Gambos municipality in Angola, Africa as well, as to seek in the Brazilian semiarid coexistence technologies with the semiarid region that can fit the water basin conditions for this study. For the realization of this study, we explored secondary data through records and documents consultation and literature review; and primary data obtained through systematic observation either in the basin under study and in the Brazilian semiarid region, in the state of Sergipe; semi-structured interviews with 345 heads of households, 9 traditional leaders, 1 religious and 2 local political and technical dialogue with the ONG ASA and producers of Sergipe semi-arid. The results infer that there is a gradual resulting socio-environmental vulnerability of consecutive dry periods affecting the watershed of Caculuvar river, marked with the highest illiteracy rate which depletes a certain way the efforts and methodologies locally used to living with adversity even if recognize various latent potentialities. This showed that although evidencing water restrictions in the basin, the problem is not embodied in the low amount of rain, but in the absence of information, media, resources and public policies appropriate to help the people in the capture, storage and rational use of water in the most critical months. The technologies for coexisting with semiarid identified in the Brazilian semiarid region, which are appropriate revealed the basin conditions are: cistern and runoff, loss tank, underground dam, silage and forage cactus.