Indicadores de qualidade ambiental de áreas verdes públicas da cidade de Garanhuns-PE

Abstract

Based on the systemic approach of the landscape and social uses, analyzed the urban environmental quality of the city of Garanhuns from indicators of the public green areas. The indicators make it possibility to analyze and visualize the public green areas in the urban landscape of Garanhuns, acting as qualitative and quantitative indicators. The objective of the research is to analyze the environmental quality of the city of Garanhuns through indexes applied to public green areas and their social uses. The landscape corresponds to an inheritance of natural elements and human constructions on a natural substrate of different historical moments in an environmental system open to internal and external energy exchanges under constant anthropic influence. From this perspective the environmental quality made possible by the public green areas contributes to certain balance in the relationship between society and nature. The methodological procedures involved the theoretical contextualization of the theme, field research, elaboration of cartographic material, use of available tools and operationalized in Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Through these procedures and established parameters, it was observed the spatialisation of green areas, the phytogeographic dynamics, tree density and shading indices, the surface temperature variation, the urban densification and social uses such as environmental quality indicators here analyzed. The results showed that the presence of vegetation is a factor for a balanced environmental system and that tree diversity offers greater plasticity and beautifies the urban landscape. The dominance of the vegetation of the green areas studied is the 66.7% predominant by exotic origin; two of the public green areas are 100% composed of exotic afforestation; only 33.3% of the studied spaces present dominance by native species. The better the index the higher the quality of green areas. However, even if some index did not have was framed at the expected parameter, this not evidenced a lower environmental quality, case the vegetation of the AVPs was in harmony with the public equipments and the passage tracks. This was verified in some squares that reached tree diversity indices below one arboreal individual per square meter or shading indices less than 30% for commercial area or 50% for residential area. Satisfactory indexes contribute to a better social use of the studied areas, in addition, social uses are more diverse in parks due to the diversity of equipment and ample space, which leads them to be more frequented.