Estilos de aprendizagem e pensamento crítico na formação de profissionais da área da saúde: uma revisão narrativa

Abstract

Introduction: Different conceptions and educational approaches have been incorporated into teaching in the health area with the purpose of stimulating the student to be an active subject in the teaching-learning process, seeking to value the identification and characterization of students' cognitive patterns, their styles, preferences and experiences in the way of learning. Objective: to analyze evidence of learning styles and critical thinking in the process of training health professionals. Method: a search was carried out in the literature on the databases Virtual Health Library (BVS-BIREME), Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD) of UFS, Scielo, in the periodical portal of the Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) and Google Scholar. For the search we used the descriptors "Learning Styles", "Critical Thinking", "undergraduate pharmacy students", "undergraduate medical students". We considered written studies in the Portuguese language published in full that described or evaluated the learning styles and / or critical thinking in undergraduate students in Pharmacy and Medicine. Results: six studies were found which listed three instruments for evaluation of learning styles, one for evaluation of learning strategies in the field of pharmacy and one in the area of medicine. Among them was a monograph, a thesis and four dissertations. Conclusion: this review pointed out that there are few studies in Brazil that deal with learning styles and critical thinking in pharmacy and medical students. However, studies have highlighted learning styles with the use of instruments, which have proved to be effective and easy to apply.