A aplicação do mecanismo ATENEA no Brasil e o combate à violência política contra a mulher como promoção da ODS-5 no enfrentamento da desigualdade de gênero

Abstract

Under the focus of the UN Agenda 2030 and its SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals), when analyzing the Brazilian case compared to other countries, in terms of general parity data, what stands out most is the precarious condition of the political participation of women. Gender equality, despite being normatively contemplated, collides with the culture of patriarchy rooted in societies like the Brazilian one. Consequently, the small historical participation of Brazilian women in politics reinforces the understanding that the barriers to their greater participation are institutional. Barriers fed secularly by stereotypes of space delimitation and restrictions of time and resources related to the sexual division of labor. In order to achieve political parity and promote effective gender equality, the global community, through States and civil organizations, must adopt measures that reaffirm the principles of the UN Charter of Creation (1945) and the Declaration on Development (1986). From this perspective, this dissertation will address the application of the ATENEA mechanism developed by the UN, addressing its concept and its application in promoting political parity in the fight against political violence against women identified as one of the main risk factors that hinder the achievement of political parity, considering as guidelines the guidelines brought by the Sustainable Development Goal 5 (SDG5). It will present the historical evolution of the goals for sustainable development, notably the right to human development and the global action plan to achieve the 17 goals for sustainable development. It will discuss the culture of patriarchy, the struggle of the feminist movement for social inclusion and the confrontation of gender inequality, passing through the conceptualization of gender from a decolonial and pluralist perspective. The methodology of a qualitative approach is applied to the study, through the hypothetical-deductive method, with data collection through bibliographical and documental review.