Adsorção de poluentes em águas residuárias utilizando biocarvão : revisão sistemática

Abstract

Adsorption has been used in the treatment of wastewater for the removal of pollutants and has a low cost, requires less space for implementation and is simpler to operate when compared to other types of treatment. When using biochar as adsorbent material, adsorption becomes even more economical and sustainable, as this is a carbonaceous biomaterial produced with solid waste through pyrolysis with limited oxygen rates. This study aims to investigate, through quantitative and qualitative analysis, the publications about the use of biochar as an adsorbent of pollutants in wastewater, in order to verify its efficiency, application parameters and identify possible research gaps. Quantitative analysis was carried out in a timeless manner, with the categorization of articles considering the type of pollutant, year and location of the experiment. Therefore, the qualitative analysis was carried out through a careful reading of the articles, observing characteristics such as pH, adsorption temperature, pyrolysis temperature, raw material and biochar activation, adsorption kinetics and isotherms, removal efficiency before and after influence, as well as adsorption capacity. It was concluded that the studies are still recent, carried out on a small scale and the researchers were very concerned with the removal of emerging micropollutants. The most used pyrolysis temperature was between 400°C and 800°C and adsorption increased with increasing process temperature by up to 45°C. raw materials available in the study region. In addition, biochar showed greater efficiencies when active. The pseudo second order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm were the ones that best fit most of the experiments.