Potencial biorremediador de basidiomicetos em meios com detergente de maçã

Abstract

The significant use of sanitizing in Brazil and in the world represents a risk for the entire trophic chain of the aquatic ecosystems. For this reason, the aim of this work was to evaluate the bioremedial potencial in vitro of the fungal isolates of Lentinula edodes (LED 96/18), Pleurotus ostreatoroseus (POS SP1) and Pycnoporus sanguineus (PS) in media containing apple detergent, in order to propose a biotechnological alternative for the treatment of detergent-containing wastewater. Four bioassays were carried out: a) bioassay 1: evaluation of mycelial growth of fungal isolates in potatodextrose-agar (PDA) solid medium with 0, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 µL.L-1 of detergent; b) bioassay 2: analysis of the bioremedial capacity of fungal isolates in liquid medium based on yeast extract with 200 µL.L-1 of detergent and with 0, 20, 40, 80 and 160 mg.L-1 of methylene blue dye; c) bioassay 3: study of the phytotoxicity of the yeast 10 extract medium with 200 µL.L-1 of detergent and with 40 and 80 mg.L-1 of methylene blue after fungal cultivation and d) bioassay 4: evaluation of mycelial growth of fungal isolates in PDA solid medium with 0, 20, 40, 80 and 160 mg.L-1 of autoclaved dye and 200 µL.L-1 of detergent. In bioassay 1, there wasn’t total inhibition of mycelial growth of fungal isolates tested up to 800 μL.L-1 of detergent. There wasn’t significant inhibition of mycelial diameter and growth velocity of isolates LED 96/18 and PS up to 200 μL.L1 of detergent. In bioassay 2, the isolates LED 96/18 and PS promoted the discoloration of the liquid medium with 80 mg.L-1 of methylene blue and 200 μL.L-1 of detergent in 36.7% and 28.6% after nine days of cultivation, respectively. In bioassay 3, the presence of detergent and methylene blue inhibited the development of tomato radicle. In this bioassay, the cultivation of LED 96/18 and PS could not alter the phytotoxic effect of the detergent, but it altered the pH and electrical conductivity of the medium. In bioassay 4, there wasn’t significant inhibition of mycelial diameter and growth velocity of PS up to 20 mg.L-1 of methylene blue. Thus, the applied methodology is effective to evaluate the bioremedial potential of these fungi in vitro. And the isolates LED 96/18 and PS have bioremediation potencial in vitro of media with apple detergent.