Neuropsicologia transcultural: grupo indígena guarani

Abstract

Intellectual processes were investigated in two different populations to study the influence of culture in cognitive performance. Twelve people of an indian population of the Guarany ethnic nation were compared to 12 people (“non-indians”) paired according to age and education level, both groups residing in the periphery of the city of São Paulo. The following tests were used: Digit Span; Corsi Block-Tapping Test; Block Design and Naming Figure Test. The immediate and delayed verbal memory was assessed through a short story-task with a specific ecological context and the visual memory through animal figures retrieval. No statistical differences were observed between the two groups, but a statistic tendency was observed in the sense of the indigenous group apparently encountering more facility in visual and motors tasks and the “non-indians” in verbal tasks. The results suggest that the indigenous group used culturally influenced strategies to solve problems and to acquire information, and a more intuitive and concrete utilization of cognition, in conjunction with their own life style as well as poor education.