Internações psiquiátricas de pessoas alcoolistas em Aracaju no período de 2013 a 2023

Abstract

The research's objective was to study the impacts of the National Drug Policy on psychiatric hospitalizations. The general objective was to analyze psychiatric hospitalizations of people with mental and behavioral disorders due to alcohol use that are carried out by the SUS in Aracaju, using as a parameter the National Drug Policy (PNAD) approved in 2019. With the following specific objectives: 1) To outline the profile of people with mental and behavioral disorders due to alcohol use admitted to psychiatric institutions by the SUS in Aracaju; 2) To identify the degree of incidence of the types of psychiatric hospitalization by the SUS, in the period from 2013 to 2023, in order to cover the period before and after the approval of the PNAD/2019; 3) To detail the guidelines of drug policies aimed at the treatment of alcoholics in the neoliberal context, correlating them with the (de)construction of the psychosocial care network in Aracaju. This is an analytical research that seeks to analyze the available information in order to explain the phenomenon under study. Regarding the technical procedures, we used documentary research in which data on hospital morbidity were collected, from 2013 to 2023, available in the SUS Hospital Information System (SIH/SUS) of the Department of Information Technology of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). Based on the analysis of the data, it was found that most of those hospitalized in Aracaju for mental and behavioral disorders related to alcohol use are men, black and adults, generally hospitalized due to health conditions that require urgent care. The results achieved also revealed that the objectives and guidelines of PNAD/2019 follow the direction of the counter-reform processes. Thus, after its approval, the advances achieved with the psychiatric reform suffered even more setbacks. We noticed that, during the period studied, there was a restriction on public spending, including in the health area, and a transfer of part of the state's responsibility to civil society, through the transfer of public resources to private institutions, such as therapeutic communities. In this way, the incentive for “treatment” in institutions that control bodies and restrict “freedoms” and that isolate people with needs arising from drug use with a view to abstinence grew. We identified that during the period studied there was a reduction in psychiatric hospitalizations in general and psychiatric hospitals in Aracaju, without any improvement in the psychosocial care network. On the other hand, in Brazil and, consequently, in Aracaju, the investment of public resources in therapeutic communities increased, revealing a duality of government strategies in the operationalization of drug policies. In general, during the period studied, processes of deconstruction of the psychosocial care network were evident, through neoliberal policies that reduced the role of the State.