Modelos didáticos encontrados no fazer pedagógico de professores de biologia : representações docentes

Abstract

The study of didactic models may represent a useful tool to reflect on educational planning, it allows to establish a link between the theoretical aspects of the teaching and learning process and the intervention in the classroom itself. This study was based on didactic models proposed by Garcia Perez (2000) in his studies, they are: traditional, technological, the spontaneist and research at school (alternative). The main objective of the research was to find out what the teaching models used by biology teachers from public schools and their importance in the cognitive development of students. We have the following questions: Will have teachers a teaching / educational reference model? If so, which ones? Are these teaching models being used in the classroom allow students to take ownership of knowledge? As a theoretical framework, we try to address the main characteristics of the teaching models proposed by García Pérez, because this researcher is a world reference in this subject. We also approach on the implementation of educational models in the teaching of biology; on motivation for learning; about developments in the teaching of biology; teacher training; educational planning; and educational evaluation, citing authors such as: Garcia Perez; Myriam Krasilchik, Develay, Carvalho and Gil-Pérez, Libâneo, Bachelard, Charlot, Luckesi, among others. The methodology used is to qualitative research, which has a descriptive character of a case study. The following techniques and collection instruments were used: exploratory research; semi structured interview; observation and questionnaires. For this purpose, were used as research subjects six Biology teachers from two schools of the state of Aracaju. It was observed using the collected data that many of the teachers had knowledge about teaching models and these are present in the syllabus of these teachers. As for the schools surveyed, it was observed lack of some resources and infrastructure for the development of educational practices of these teachers. Regarding the pedagogical procedures, we found a similarity of teaching models used by them, especially when they working in the same school teachers. It can be concluded from this that all models have importance in the teaching practices and that they are not used in full in the teaching of these teachers.