Avaliação de diferentes métodos e solventes de extração sobre a composição fenólica e centesimal, atividade antimicrobiana e citotóxica de extratos dos frutos da Momordica charantia L.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Momordica charantia L. is popularly known as Melão de São Caetano. This medicinal plant has been gaining ground in the scientific world scene, being quite common in the Brazilian northeast and being credited mainly with activities antidiabetic, antiviral, antitumor, antileukemic and antibacterial. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of the use of different solvents and extraction methods on the phenolic and centesimal composition of the extract of the fruits of Momordica charantia L., besides the cytotoxic and antimicrobial activity. METHODOLOGY: The fruits of Momordica charantia were their own plant extracts, using three methods and their combinations: maceration, ultrasound, turbolysis, ultrasound + maceration, turbolysis + maceration and ultrasound + turbolysis from the action of five solvents: Ethanol, Hexane, Dichloromethane, Acetate of Ethyl and Ethanol + Water (70:30). The method of operation is subject to the use of the Folin-Ciocalteau method. Phytochemical screening of the sample was performed by analytical thin layer chromatography (TLC). Cytotoxicity analysis was performed by mitochondrial metabolic method such as colorectal proteases, lung carcinoma, prostate and chronic myeloid leukemia. The objective of the antimicrobial collection was the disc dissemination method of bacterial bacteria of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and the fungus Candida albicans, and in the determination of the centesimal composition was sequestered by the Adolf Lutz Institute. RESULTS: The presence of phenolic compounds in the extracts varied substantially when the solvent and the extraction method changed, however they presented similar chromatographic profiles. In addition, an antimicrobial activity of the extract of the fruits of Momordica charantia L. on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with disks containing 0.5 mg of extract was demonstrated. Even these extracts did not present significant cytotoxic activity. CONCLUSION: It was possible to confirm the presence of phenolic compounds in different concentrations and their antimicrobial activity, by confirming the importance of investigations to determine their potentiality, by analyzing the extracts of the fruit of Momordica charantia L., obtained with different extraction methods and solvents therapy.