Análise ambiental da Serra da Caboronga em Ipirá(BA): subsídio ao planejamento e a gestão ambiental

Abstract

Currently, the way society interferes with nature has been questioned a lot, since, to satisfy their needs, human beings overexploit and impact the environment to varying degrees. The catastrophic result of this predatory action can already be seen: animal and plant species being extinct, environmental degradation, excessive surplus, deforestation, global warming, climate change, among others. Serra da Caboronga, located in the municipality of Ipirá, in the State of Bahia, is subject to intense anthropic pressure by various social actors. The conflicts of human activities on the mountains, translated by deforestation and the efficient use of natural resources, led to environmental degradation. In view of this, this study had the general objective of analyzing the environmental conditions of Serra da Caboronga, with a view to subsidizing environmental planning and management in the area. To this end, a characterization and analysis of the physical environment (Climate Conditions, Vegetation Cover, Geomorphology, Water Resources, Geology and Pedology) was carried out with the use of geotechnologies such as Remote Sensing and the Geographic Information System. Pedological, geological and hydrographic maps were generated from IBGE data (2019); hypsometry and slope maps, based on the Digital Elevation Model (MDE), available in the TOPODATA-INPE database; The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was distributed, based on the use of satellite images, Landsat-5 and 8 sensors; graphs and tables were elaborated with climatological data: air temperature and exclusion; and the water balance was constructed for the municipality of Ipirá, using the method of Thornthwaite and Mather (1955). Maps of land use and land cover were made through supervised automatic classification, followed by the treatment, interpretation and analysis of satellite images. Field work was carried out to validate secondary data, based on direct observation, photographic record and collection of point coordinates, using a GPS application. Finally, the Serra da Caboronga landscape units were delimited by overlaying geological basement maps, landforms, drainage network, soil types, slope and land uses. It was possible to obtain a comprehensive and integrated diagnosis of the environmental conditions of Serra da Caboronga. With this, it is expected to serve as a source of information for the formulation of public policies, aimed at the conservation of natural resources. In this sense, provide scientific elements to expand the discussion regarding the creation of a conservation unit in this space, in order to protect the local ecosystem and / or ensure the sustainable use of its natural resources.