Bonificação regional no acesso ao ensino superior: jurisdição constitucional e equidade

Abstract

The study analyzes regional bonus policies in access to higher education in Brazil from a constitutional and philosophical perspective, with an emphasis on John Rawls' Theory of Justice as Fairness. The research highlights that such policies, by recognizing regional inequalities, aim to promote greater equity in university admissions, leveling opportunities for students from less advantaged areas. However, they face challenges regarding their constitutionality and practical application. Based on landmark decisions of the Brazilian Supreme Court, the dissertation examines the feasibility of these policies in light of the principle of equality, emphasizing the need for a logical and objective correlation between the differential criteria adopted and the goals of such measures. The work also addresses fundamental concepts of Rawlsian theory, such as the veil of ignorance and the difference principle, which justify inequalities only when they benefit the least privileged. Structured into three chapters, the study combines bibliographic review and jurisprudential analysis, exploring both the theoretical foundation and the practical challenges of regional bonus policies. The objective is to propose guidelines to improve these policies, ensuring greater effectiveness and alignment with the values of justice and equity. Thus, the research seeks to contribute to the construction of a more inclusive educational system and a fairer society.