Avaliação da vulnerabilidade socioambiental de favelas e comunidades urbanas: o caso da favela do São Conrado – Aracaju - SE

Abstract

Favelas and urban communities are characterized by a lack of essential public services, irregularities in urban patterns, and occupation of areas with restricted housing. These conditions can affect the physical, social, and psychological development of residents because they are essential for quality of life and human dignity. This thesis is part of the field of urban planning, addressing the contradictions and inefficiency that manifest themselves in urban areas, particularly those with greater socio-environmental vulnerability. The central hypothesis confirmed is that the inefficiency of public policies and urban planning results in socio-environmental vulnerabilities for residents of these areas. To verify this hypothesis, this work had as its general objective to determine the Socio-environmental Vulnerability Index of the Favela and Urban Community of São Conrado, in Aracaju-SE. This index was formulated from an unprecedented methodological adaptation, based on the method of Calório (1997) combined with Faccioli and Gomes (2021) through data from the social, environmental, and economic dimensions, infrastructure, and habitability. The data collected through fieldwork and photographic records allowed the selection of indicators that determined the Socio- Environmental Vulnerability Index, represented in an integrated manner in a single diagram. Among the results, the socioeconomic dimension stood out, with indicators such as incomplete secondary education and income below 15.91% of the minimum wage being identified as the greatest vulnerabilities. In addition, the risk of flooding also contributed to the vulnerability of the studied area. The Socio-Environmental Vulnerability Index of Slums and Urban Communities presented a value of 56.50%, indicating a moderate level of vulnerability. The results confirmed the effectiveness and applicability of the unprecedented methodology, which represents an innovative advance in the analysis of socio-environmental vulnerability and can be replicated in different urban contexts. It is expected that this study will contribute to urban sustainability and provide support for Municipal Secretariats in updating the Urban Development Master Plan and in formulating more appropriate public policies. It is concluded that the problem of the São Conrado favela is associated with several combinations of vulnerability, and therefore it is necessary to treat it in a multidimensional way by the public authorities and social agents, integrating efforts on several fronts, such as education, income, basic sanitation, urbanization and housing policies.