Desigualdade de gênero na carreira acadêmica e científica: invisibilidade ou adaptação social?

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: According to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, promoted by the United Nations Organization (UNO) in 2015, science and gender equity are essential measures for improving living conditions and conserving the planet. From this perspective, the importance of this study is emphasized in order to directly contribute to the search for accessible strategies and regulations that promote issues related to gender equality in higher education institutions. METHOD: This is an exploratory, descriptive, cross-sectional, observational study with a quantitative approach. Data collection was carried out by searching for the names of professors and their respective departments in the Integrated Activity Management System (IAMS) and, later, in the Lattes Curriculum, which contains data on the productivity of professors. The study considered professors in the health area of the Lagarto Campus and the Center for Biological and Health Sciences, São Cristóvão Campus, both of the Federal University of Sergipe (FUS). The research was carried out over two five-year periods, the first between 2015 and 2019, and the second between 2020 and 2024. The measured data were transcribed into Google Sheets and subsequently a statistical analysis was performed based on a variety of statistical methods, including descriptive measures and hypothesis testing. RESULTS: The professors surveyed work at two campuses of the FUS, totaling 490, 58% (n = 282) are female and 42% (n = 208) are male, with an average of 12.22 years of experience at UFS per year and approximately 67% (n = 321) have a doctorate. In both five-year periods, although the participation of male professors who produce scientific articles, books and book chapters is lower than that of female professors, men still had higher production averages. The data suggest female underrepresentation in view of the high production averages of the male gender, even though they are a minority in the academic health space. CONCLUSION: There was an underrepresentation of women, who were the majority group and had high production rates, but with lower production averages when compared to productive male teachers. In the variables of publication of scientific articles, books and book chapters, a much higher production average was prevalent for productive male teachers when comparing production average versus gender, even though the number of men was smaller when compared to women, especially during the pandemic period.