Qualidade da paisagem do município de Japaratuba/SE e sua relação com o campo petrolífero de Carmópolis

Abstract

The mineral exploration of petroleum is an integrant part of an extensive production chain that starts with the accomplishment of previous studies that seek to define the viability of the establishment of the activity and is finished with the commerce of the most varied products and by-products, whose raw material is petroleum. In order to regulate this activity and due to its greatness, which, in addition to being extensive, is burdensome and impactful to the environment, oil exploration is based on the national energy policy, instituted through Federal Law 9.478 / 1997. Therefore, the oil exploitation makes it essential to adapt all the steps related to this activity, in accordance with the precepts of sustainable development, through environmental licensing, which is an instrument of environmental management, instituted by Federal Law nº 6.938/1981, which uses constraints to control negative impacts, either by mitigating or compensating them. It stands out that each stage of onshore oil exploration is subject to environmental licensing by the competent environmental agency of the states. The impacts of oil exploration on the continental shelf directly affect economic, social and environmental aspects, all related to landscape changes. In this way, this research analyzed the quality of the landscape and its relation with the Petroleum Field of Carmópolis, through the mapping of the land use in the municipality of Japaratuba; identification of landscape components; the mapping of landscape quality in the municipality; and the definition of the Japaratuba's Landscape Quality Index for the years 2003 and 2017, comparing them to each other There were identified 11 classes of land use, with the most representativity the ones with economical being. In the year 2017, the Pasture class represented more than 50% of the occupation of the municipal space, corresponding, therefore, to the matrix of the landscape that influences and is influenced by other classes of land use identified in the municipality of Japaratuba, being the most impacting, among them, the oil exploration. In both years, the quality of the landscape in Japaratuba remained unchanged, being classified as regular.