Mortalidade por doença de chagas em Sergipe: análise espacial, tendência temporal e aspectos epidemiológicos

Abstract

Introduction: Chagas' disease (CD) is still considered a public health problem with socioeconomic repercussions. The main form of disease transmission is vector, through triatomine insects, known as barbers, infected by the protozoan Trypanosoma Cruzi. About 6 to 7 million people worldwide are infected with T. cruzi, the majority of which are in endemic countries in Latin America, and more than 25 million people are at risk of acquiring the disease. It is estimated that in Latin America there are still 10 million infected, of which 2 million in Brazil alone, and about ten thousand die every year as a result of the disease. As DC is determined in space and time by risk factors, geoprocessing techniques are important tools that can be used to better understand its transmission and distribution dynamics. Objective: To analyze spatial patterns and the temporal trend of mortality from Chagas Disease to identify priority risk areas for control in the state of Sergipe, Northeastern Brazil. Methods: Ecological study, time series and with spatial analysis techniques on deaths from Chagas' disease in the state of Sergipe (1996-2016), using data from the Mortality Information System (SIM). The temporal analysis was performed using a statistical technique capable of describing changes in the trend pattern for the period. Thematic maps were elaborated from point and polygonal analyzes. Results: There were 247 deaths due to Chagas' disease, with an average of 11.7 deaths / year, the majority being male (64%) and in the age group of 50-59 years (21%) and 60-69 years (26%). Two segments with increasing trends, not constant and significant, were observed: 1996-2005 (APC = 21.6%; p = 0.01) and 2005-2016 (APC = 4.4%; p = 0.01), with APPC = 11.8% (p = 0.01). There was positive and significant spatial autocorrelation with areas of greater risk of death located in the southern region of the state. Conclusions: The trend of mortality from CHD in the state of Sergipe was increasing in the analyzed period, with a heterogeneous distribution of cases and the main risk area identified in the southern region of the state.