Relação capital-trabalho : a exploração da força de trabalho na economia de compartilhamento

Abstract

The research has as its object of study the exploitation of the working class in the sharing economy, especially the uberization of work. The general objective is to analyze how the exploitation of work in the sharing economy is being discussed in academic productions in the areas of Humanities and Social Sciences. As specific objectives, the following were defined: 1) to discuss the category of work and the capitalist work process from a Marxian and Marxist perspective; 2) discuss the main changes that have taken place in capitalism since the crisis of the 1970s, identifying the determination of the ideo-political and social determinations that led to the existence of new forms of labor exploitation; 3) analysis of the repercussions of the sharing economy, highlighting the phenomenon of uberization of work, especially the exploratory dynamics of the workforce. The research starts from the following hypothesis: in the context of the intensification of structural unemployment and the flexibilization of labor relations, the sharing economy emerges with a new modality of exploitation of the working class. Based on historical-dialectical materialism, the investigation denounces itself as exploratory, qualitative in nature, and constructed through the “state of the art” method of analysis. The content used as a source of analysis was collected in the Theses and Dissertations Catalog of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES). The universe of data was collected from academic works obtained on the sharing economy, whose study took into account the type of work (dissertations) and the following keywords: sharing economy; uberization of work. The search for dissertations was carried out through a survey of titles, abstracts and abstracts, which enabled the selection of those that were in accordance with the objective presented above. The following filters were considered: time frame (2015 to 2020), area of concentration (Human and Social Sciences) and the type of research, from which resulted the selection of four dissertations, which constituted the object of analysis, from of exploratory and analytical readings. The main results presented that the sharing economy is a modality that presents itself as an alternative to the traditional capitalist model, having as essence the sharing of products based on values such as solidarity and equality; however, by appropriating it, capitalism transforms it into yet another means of obtaining profit through new forms of labor exploitation. Another important fact is its rapid worldwide diffusion, mainly due to the absence or insufficiency of state regulation regarding labor relations. The prominence given to Uber was verified, in view of its weight in the sector, in various parts of the world, with the uberization of work derived from the way in which work processes and relations occur in the company, which are disseminated according to the work discourse. autonomous, when, in fact, they occur according to a precarious pattern and based on subordination relations of workers, who are commanded by the imposed demands, in addition to bearing various costs in contrast to the absence of guarantee of rights.