Aproveitamento de água pluvial e reúso de águas cinzas para o ensino das ciências ambientais na EREM Elisa Marques de Assis em Primavera-PE

Abstract

Water has historically been a fundamental element, whether as an essential biochemical component of living organisms, in the occupation of territories, or as a habitat for various plant and animal species. Due to various social, economic, and environmental factors, the 21st century has been marked by serious water-related issues, leading to scarcity and water stress in several regions of the planet, including Brazil. Regarding water resources, it is known that their reality is impacted by significant waste, lack of preservation, and poor environmental management. Many environmental public policies were proposed belatedly to address the major problem that had arisen, but many of the damages caused to the environment are irreversible, making their preservation impossible. From this perspective, the general objective of this dissertation research was to develop a rainwater harvesting system as a contribution to the teaching of environmental sciences. To achieve this, discussions were held on topics such as the water crisis, rainwater harvesting, and gray water reuse in the school environment, with a focus on the role of Goal 6 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), using the dialectical method as the fundamental basis of the research. The study is characterized as qualitative in nature, identifying itself as participatory research, as it involved the aspects of the research, the actions of the researcher and the researched group, and consisted of the real participation of the researcher in the community. The area of operation was a public educational institution at the Basic Education level, located in the municipality of Primavera – Pernambuco. The research's target audience was high school students. The research was conducted in three stages, with procedures such as lectures, discussion circles, educational workshops, and the production and construction of the educational technical product, aiming at moments dedicated to debating the topic of environmental sciences and the importance of rainwater reuse. The product was the creation of a rainwater harvesting system at the research's educational institution, highlighting the importance of water as a vital resource, with actions focused on water reuse. It was emphasized that part of the system would serve for cleaning bathrooms, flushing toilets, and cleaning sidewalks and the school's sports court. Finally, we hope that, in addition to the students, the school community will also participate in the use and benefits achieved, as well as the possibility of implementing the product in other locations.