Epidemiologia dos indivíduos submetidos a cirurgias abdominais de urgência e emergência de causas não-traumáticas em um hospital universitário – um estudo retrospectivo

Abstract

Introduction: Acute abdominal pain accounts for 4 to 9.1% of emergency room visits; furthermore, it is the most common cause of emergency surgery (Filho et al., 2023). The most common causes of acute abdomen are: Appendicitis; Obstruction of the large and small intestine; Perforated peptic ulcer; Diverticulitis; and Acute cholecystitis (Doherty et al., 2017; Townsend et al., 2019). Despite a high prevalence of abdominal emergencies of non-traumatic etiology globally, there are still few studies on the subject in Brazil. Objective: To describe the epidemiological data associated with urgent and emergency abdominal surgeries of non-traumatic etiology at the University Hospital of Lagarto during the period of 2022 to 2023. Methodology: This is a retrospective, descriptive, and quantitative cohort study, with data collected through medical records, and is part of an Integrated Research Project. Results and Discussion: Of the 334 individuals who underwent urgent and emergency abdominal surgery of non-traumatic etiology, 59% were male. The mean age was 40.6 years ± 16.9. Most individuals came from the Central-South (SE) macro-region (n = 296; 88.6%). Appendectomy (n = 173; 57.2%) was the most frequent type of surgery. Approximately 24.15% of participants presented with comorbidities, with systemic arterial hypertension being the most prevalent (n = 49; 58.3%). The type of surgery with the highest number of complications was exploratory laparotomy (n = 19; 57.57%). Conclusion: This study can be used for future research; its strength lies in its pragmatic and clinically relevant approach. However, it has limitations, such as the small sample size and the fact that it was conducted in a single institution. Further research in the context of emergency surgery is essential..