Expansão da eucaliptocultura no Planalto da Conquista : singularidades no processo de implantação da monocultura

Abstract

The agrarian problem has been the scene of the discussions in the Brazilian countryside in recent decades with different nuances. The culture of Eucalyptus is part of this process in all world, what conventionally is called plantation forests. Brazil, seventh country in monocultures for wood production (FAO,2010) and the first in Eucalyptus production, (GTY,2012) adopted the models of great projects, involving great companies of paper and celluloses sector and pig iron steel, resulting in conflicts such as landing concentration. The Eucalyptus culture came to Bahia in 1970s marking the occupation of territories in northwest and south, resulting in the density of planting and land concentration. In Plateau of Conquista, southwest region of Bahia, the Eucalyptus came in 1990, in a structure of little and medium properties, with emphasis in familiar agriculture. We start with the premise of, without a great project of expansion supported in the great business company, the progress of Eucalyptus cultures has not affected deeply the regional land structure since that was effected by local owner, by the forest development and personal investments, different of what happened in the south of state. The theoretical framework took into account the uneven production of space as a guiding line, showing the difference between the territories, with emphasis in the equalization of the landscape, the capital, as provocateur of inequality, confirming that different forms of application of capital reflect different ways of producing space. Reaffirms the geography as a science capable of giving answers for the questions derived of these mechanisms, particularly the geography of agriculture, the definition of “territorilidades”/ “desterritorialidades”, the creation of special asymmetries and the dichotomy corporate farms /family farms. This spatial cutout involved the twelve municipalities of Plateau of Conquista, and twenty-tree in the south of region, of which only six are part effectively, of empirical cutout evidence for higher percentages of occupation of Eucalyptus. From the comparative method, outlined the methodological approach is supported by: a) associations with documentary survey of eucalypts exacerbating b)application of semi-structured questionnaire with eucalyptus producers. The primary data match interpretation of satellite images for mapping and surveying plantations producing areas using the Envi 8.0 software, and AutoCad Map MapWiewer 7.6. The database was formatted reports with data obtained in the software and reports ASIFLOR. Data were obtained from the l Cafir / Vitoria da Conquista, and the Census of the IBGE. The results corroborate the theory of differentiation by the action of the woodlot for reforestation and the initiative of local farmers, while being threatened by big business. The absence of a large project reduced the continuous occupation and kept the small and medium property that, in part, is inserted in the expansion of eucalyptus. Whereas the eucalyptus is a fact in the Plateau of Conquista in the face of unfavorable physical conditions in the east of the territory, the maintenance of small property will continue, if remained the strengthening of family farming that, under the threat of new projects is likely to be acquired by large corporations and outside investors.