Proposta de modelo de implantação da coleta seletiva no município de Nova Soure - BA

Abstract

The transition of society from a nomadic way of life to permanent settlement, associated with the development of agriculture and, later, the industrialization process, drove population growth, diversified the types of solid waste generated, and intensified its production. As a result, there were environmental impacts stemming from poor solidwaste management, such as contamination of soils, water bodies, and the atmosphere. In this context, measures aimed at reducing the amount of waste sent to improper locations become necessary, with emphasis on recycling, which should preferably be preceded by separation at the source. Thus, this study aimed to propose a simplified model for an urban selective collection (separate waste collection) program, considering the establishment of a cooperative of waste pickers, using the municipality of Nova Soure, Bahia, as the case study area. The investigation was carried out through on-site data collection, consultation of academic works and federal, state, and municipal documents, in addition to the use of QGIS software, version 3.40.9, and IBGE data. The proposal was structured based on the stages of diagnosis and planning. The diagnosis indicated that the potential recyclablematerial fraction, composed of plastic, paper, cardboard, glass, and metal, would correspond to approximately 20.77% of the waste generated, which, like the other waste collected in the municipality, is currently disposed of at the municipal open dump. It was also found that waste pickers work independently in public spaces and at the dump, selling the materials through middlemen. In the planning stage, the area for implementing the cooperative was defined, as well as the selective collection models and the required fleet, opting for a combination of door-to-door and drop-off-point models, with a collection frequency of once per week. Based on population density, number of inhabitants, and the presence of commercial areas, seven locations were selected for the installation of Voluntary Delivery Points (drop-off points). It is concluded that the proposed program could expand disposal options for the population, contribute to reducing improper waste disposal in the municipality, and promote income generation and better working conditions for waste pickers associated with the cooperative.