Incidência e fatores associados a infecção de ferida operatória de pacientes submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos no HUL

Abstract

Introduction: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most significant complications in the post-operative period. At Hospital Universitario de Lagarto (HUL), a low surgical volume center, the incidence and risk factors associated with SSI are still unknown, making it difficult to implement service improvements. The objective of this study was to calculate the incidence of SSI and identify the risk factors associated with SSI in a sample of patients who underwent surgical procedures at HUL. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study involving 199 patients followed between October 2024 and August 2025. Results: he incidence of SSI was 25.1%. Risk analysis demonstrated a statistically significant association between the development of SSI and the following variables: days of hospitalization (p<0.001, mean difference: 5.97), insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (RR=3.30; p<0.001), lung disease (RR=2.33; p=0.021), infected surgeries (RR=2.46; p<0.001), and the need for surgical re-approach (RR=3.06; p<0.001). Discussion: SSI negatively impacts HUL from social, care-related, and sectoral planning perspectives. Several views on SSI are identified in the context of urgency and emergency, resource-poor environments, low surgical volume, perioperative optimization, and protocol implementation. Conclusion: It is concluded that the incidence of SSI at HUL is high, which was expected for a low surgical volume center. Known risk factors were reaffirmed by this research. Further studies are needed to elucidate aspects of the intraoperative or immediate perioperative period.