Democracia em disputa : financiamento de campanhas e seus efeitos na representatividade política

Abstract

This research analyzed the cost of elections in Brazil, focusing on the financing of electoral campaigns and its impacts on democracy and political representation. The study highlighted the historical evolution of electoral financing in the country, from the imperial period to the present day, with an emphasis on recent legislative changes, such as the granting of corporate financing in 2015 and the creation of the Electoral Fund. The financing models (public, private and mixed) were analyzed, comparing them with systems adopted in countries such as the United States, France and Germany. The research also assessed the economic impact of electoral financing, highlighting the average costs of campaigns and the unequal distribution of resources between parties and candidates. In addition, the challenges related to transparency and oversight were discussed, as well as the consequences of electoral financing for democracy, especially with regard to equal opportunities and the representation of marginalized groups, such as women and black people. It concludes that, although progress has been made, there are still significant gaps that require reforms to ensure greater transparency, equity and integrity in the electoral process. Future research is suggested to explore topics such as international comparative analysis, the impact of funding on the representation of marginalized groups, the use of quantitative data, the role of social networks and the evaluation of reform proposals.