Manejo sustentável das águas pluviais no bairro Jabotiana em Aracaju/SE

Abstract

Rapid urbanization and the increase in impermeable surfaces exacerbate flooding events in urban centers, especially in environmentally vulnerable areas with limited drainage system capacity. In this context, this work aims to analyze the anthropogenic factors that intensify flooding in the Jabotiana neighborhood, in Aracaju/SE, considering the application of sustainable drainage practices to reduce surface runoff. To this end, the research was structured in three chapters. The first presents a systematic review of the scientific production on sustainable urban drainage, addressing conceptual aspects, models employed, case studies, and social participation. The second analyzes areas susceptible to flooding from a sustainability perspective, through the application of indicators of the environmental, social, and infrastructure dimensions, organized according to the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) model, allowing the identification of the main anthropogenic actions that compromise the performance of the urban drainage system. The third chapter investigates the potential of the neighborhood's public open spaces in the context of green infrastructure. The methodological approach includes systematic and bibliographic review, field observations, cartographic analysis, application of sustainability indicators, and mapping of public areas. The results of the systematic review highlight the lack of conceptual uniformity in studies on sustainable urban drainage, as well as the prevalence of research focused on case studies, modeling, and social participation. The results of the second chapter indicate that the areas analyzed vary between unsustainable and potentially sustainable conditions, depending on anthropogenic pressures, even though punctual responses from public authorities are observed. In the third chapter, the results demonstrate the role of open spaces in urban green infrastructure, highlighting their multifunctional potential in stormwater management and environmental qualification of urban space. In summary, the research shows that urban flooding is the result of an urbanization model that disregards environmental dynamics, requiring the overcoming of conventional drainage approaches. In the case of the Jabotiana neighborhood, even in a consolidated context, there are concrete conditions for the implementation of sustainable solutions, especially through the requalification of existing spaces. Thus, the need for integrated action between urban planning, environmental management, and innovation is reinforced, aiming at building more resilient and sustainable cities. This reinforces the importance of an integrated approach between urban planning and the incorporation of sustainable strategies, including nature-based solutions, with the aim of promoting more resilient, balanced cities that are prepared for current socioenvironmental challenges.