Salinização do solo : problemática socioambiental do perímetro irrigado

Abstract

Salinisation is a process that can be triggered naturally and also by human action in nature. In semi-arid arid areas, salinisation can be identified by salts accumulation in the soil, which is seen in the literature as a natural feature of the lithological composition of these regions, but that can be enhanced by human activity on the environment. The main objective of this research was to identify the salinity areas and through this identification to relate the physical characteristics of the area with the process of land use and occupation. The study area of this research is the Irrigated Perimeter Jacaré-Curituba and the problem analyzed refers to the salinization process occurring in that territory. The geographical area was studied from geographical categories as space, territory and landscape. Soil samples were collected in the period between the rainy and dry seasons for analysis of salinization and the consequences of environmental impact. Two samples were collected at depths comprised of 0,0-0,15 m, 0,15-0,30 m, in five points. The physical and chemical parameters of the soils analyzed were: levels of soil salts; saline, saline-sodic and sodic; RAS, the concentrations of calcium (Ca2 +), aluminum (Al), sodium (Na), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg) carbonate and bicarbonate. The physical parameters were measured by the percentage of sand, clay and silt. The results showed that the perimeter has saline soils, sodic salt and soda, besides soil degradation, as well as reduction of indigenous vegetation in the area. It can be concluded that the perimeter is at an advanced salinization process and the lack of proper management accelerates this process.