(In)segurança alimentar e nutricional em uma comunidade quilombola titulada do estado de Sergipe: uma análise comparativa entre 2011 e 2022

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The quilombola population corresponds to 0.65% of Brazilians. Most quilombola territories are located in rural areas that are difficult to access. These are places with precarious basic sanitation conditions, with difficulties in accessing drinking water and food, a result of invisibility and socioeconomic vulnerability, which is still a reality in these communities, raising the hypothesis of a population in a serious situation of Food Insecurity. and Nutritional. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the food and nutritional (in)security situation of a titled quilombola community in the state of Sergipe in the period between 2011 and 2022, based on the dimensions of food production, access and consumption. METHODOLOGY: This is an ecological and comparative study, using the same questionnaire in the years 2011 and 2022 to outline the advances and setbacks in the scenario of Food Insecurity in a Quilombo Remaining Community titled in the state of Sergipe. As secondary data, the research “Assessment of the food and nutritional security situation in titled quilombola communities” carried out in 2011 was used. The primary data was collected in 2022. In light of the comparison of this questionnaire, the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale was applied , in addition to questions about socioeconomic aspects; demographic; food consumption; food production and availability; housing conditions and access to basic services and programs. The census of 107 families was used in the 2011 study and a representative sample of 53 families in the 2022 survey. Pearson's Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: It was observed that 57.9% and 70.9% of households in 2011 and 2022 presented some degree of Food Insecurity. The level of education, treatment of family drinking water, use of bottled gas, access (or not) to social programs such as food baskets, social assistance reference centers, in addition to the reduction in the group's production were statistically significant. of grains (corn, beans, etc.), as well as increased availability of corn. However, there is still a precariousness in food and nutritional security indicators, just as it was found that basic foods such as beans and rice are losing space to ultra-processed foods and their main origin is purchase. CONCLUSION: The situation of Food and Nutritional Insecurity worsened in 2022. At the same time that some of its indicators showed improvements, such as education, there was also an increase in the availability of food from the purchase and consumption of ultra-processed foods , in addition to reducing the availability of basic foods, such as rice and beans.